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| languages_type = Official languages〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The World Factbook )〕 | official_languages = English, Manx | demonym = Manx | capital = Douglas | latd=54 |latm=09 |latNS=N |longd=4 |longm=29 |longEW=W | largest_settlement = capital | largest_settlement_type = largest settlement | status = Crown dependency | government_type = Parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy with a de facto non-partisan democracy | leader_title1 = Lord of Mann | leader_name1 = Elizabeth II | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = Adam Wood | leader_title3 = Chief Minister | leader_name3 = Allan Bell | legislature = Tynwald | upper_house = Legislative Council | lower_house = House of Keys | area_rank = 196th | area_magnitude = 1 E8 | area_km2 = 572 | area_sq_mi = 221 | percent_water = 0 | population_census = 84,497 | population_estimate_rank = 202nd | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 148 | population_density_sq_mi = 362.4 | population_density_rank = 77th | GDP_PPP = £4.1 billion | GDP_PPP_rank = 162nd | GDP_PPP_year = 2010 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $53,800 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 11th/12th | established_event = Lordship of Mann revested in British Crown | established_date = 1765 | Gini_year = | Gini_change = | Gini = 41 | Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Income inequalities )〕 | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2010 | HDI_change = | HDI = 0.849 | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 14th | currency = Manx pound (official) Pound sterling (also used) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = GMT (UTC) | time_zone_DST = WEST | utc_offset_DST = +1 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy (AD) | drives_on = left | calling_code = | cctld = .im }} The Isle of Man (; (マン島語:Ellan Vannin) (:ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn)〔''Ellan'' is Manx for "island"; ''Vannin'' is the genitive case of ''Mannin'', and means "of Mann".〕), otherwise known simply as Mann ((マン島語:Mannin), ), is a self-governing British Crown dependency located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the British Government. The island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century AD, and the Manx language, a branch of the Gaelic languages, gradually emerged. In 627, Edwin of Northumbria conquered the Isle of Man along with most of Mercia. In the 9th century, the Norse began to settle there. Norse people from Scotland then established the Kingdom of the Isles. The King's title would then carry the suffix, "and the Isles". Magnus III, the King of Norway, was also known as "King of Mann and the Isles" as part of the Hebrides civilization between 1099 and 1103.〔(Magnus 3 Olavsson Berrføtt – Norsk biografisk leksikon ). Snl.no. Retrieved on 29 July 2013.〕 A Norse-Gaelic culture arose and the island came under Norse control. In 1266, the island became part of Scotland, as formalised by the Treaty of Perth. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the island came under the feudal lordship of the English Crown in 1399. The lordship revested into the British Crown in 1765, but the island never became part of the Kingdom of Great Britain or its successor the United Kingdom, retaining its status as an internally self-governing Crown dependency. == Name == The Manx name of the Isle of Man is ''Ellan Vannin'': ' is a Manx word meaning ''island''. The earliest recorded Manx form of the name is ' or ', which appears in the genitive case as ', with initial consonant mutation, hence '' "Island of Man". The Old Irish form of the name is ''Manau'' or ''Mano'', also reflected in ''Manaw Gododdin'', the Welsh name for an ancient district in north Britain along the lower Firth of Forth.〔 〕 The oldest known reference to the island names it ''Mona'' (Julius Caesar, 54 BC); in the 1st century AD, Pliny the Elder records it as ''Monapia'' or ''Monabia'', and Ptolemy (2nd century) as ''Monœda'' (, ''Monaoida'') or (''Monarina''). Later references have ''Mevania'' or ''Mænavia'' (Orosius, AD 416),〔 〕 and ''Eubonia'' or ''Eumonia'' by Irish writers. Welsh records it as ''Manaw'', and in the Sagas of Icelanders it is ''Mön''.〔 〕 The name is probably identical with the Welsh name of the island of Anglesey, ''Ynys Môn'',〔 〕 usually derived from the Celtic word for "mountain" (reflected in Welsh ''mynydd'', Breton ''menez'', and Scottish Gaelic ''monadh''),〔''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch'': Record number 1277 (Root / lemma: men-1)〕 from a Proto-Celtic '' *moniyos''. The name was at least secondarily associated with that of ''Manandán'' in Irish mythology (corresponding to Welsh ''Manawydan'').〔 The Old Irish name ''Manandán'' is often interpreted as "He of (isle of ) Man". If the name of Man reflects the generic word for "mountain", it is impossible to distinguish this from a generic "he of the mountain"; but the patronymic ''mac Lir'', interpreted as "son of the Sea", is taken to reinforce the association with the island. e.g. Wagner, Heinrich. "Origins of Pagan Irish Religion". ''Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie''. v. 38. 1-28.〕 In the earliest Irish mythological texts, Manannan is a king of the otherworld, but the 9th-century ''Sanas Cormaic'' identifies an euhemerized Manannan as "a famous merchant who resided in, and gave name to, the Isle of Man".〔cited after ''Catholic World'' 37 (1883) p. 261.〕 Later, ''Manannan'' is recorded as the first king of Mann in an Manx poem (dated 1504).〔 ''The Dublin Review'' 57 (1865), (83f. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Isle of Man」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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